Aortic Dissection Symptoms, Causes & Treatment – Complete Guide
Image: Nil Taskin Digital Art
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition caused by a tear in the inner layer of the aorta—the main artery carrying blood from the heart. It often presents with sudden and severe chest or back pain and requires immediate medical attention. In this article, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, risk factors, who is most at risk, and available treatment options in detail.
What Is an Aortic Dissection?
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition where a tear occurs in the inner layer of the aorta, the largest artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing the layers apart.
What Causes It?
Common causes and risk factors include:
– High blood pressure (hypertension) — the most common cause
– Aortic aneurysm (a bulging or weakening in the aorta)
– Genetic connective tissue disorders (e.g., Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos)
– Trauma (such as car accidents)
– Intense physical exertion or emotional stress
– Aging, which weakens the arterial wall
Who Is at Risk?
– Most commonly affects men over 60 years old
– Can also occur in younger individuals with genetic conditions
– It’s relatively rare: occurs in 2–3 people per 100,000 per year
Image: Nil Taskin Digital Art
Symptoms
– Sudden, severe chest or back pain, often described as tearing or ripping
– Shortness of breath
– Fainting or dizziness
– Pulse differences between arms
– Low blood pressure or signs of shock
Risks and Survival Rates
– Without treatment, the death rate within the first 24 hours is 25–50%
– With prompt surgical or endovascular treatment, survival chances improve significantly
– Early diagnosis and emergency care are critical
Conclusion
Aortic dissection is a **medical emergency** requiring immediate attention. People with high blood pressure or known connective tissue disorders should be especially vigilant. If someone experiences sudden and intense chest or back pain, they should seek emergency care without delay.
Nil Taskin
Image: Nil Taskin Digital Art